In the past, different techniques and strategies were used to evaluate enemy plans and avoid any possible attacks, but most were imperfect and carried some risk of misinterpretation. In 1904, Electronic warfare changed the landscape of military reconnaissance. This genre of warfare, using dynamic military-grade…
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This table provides important information regarding the physical properties of various scintillation materials and their common applications. A scintillation detector is often “tailor-made” for a specific experiment and application. For the detection of radiation, a great number of possibilities exist. Scintillators are often used for the detection…
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The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) established the System Assessment and Validation for Emergency Responders (SAVOR) Program to assist emergency responders making procurement decisions and present a description of many Personal Radiation Detectors (PRDs) and Spectroscopic PRDs (SPRDs). This has been published in…
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Newton developed the Inverse Square Law as it applies to gravity. However, this exponential relationship applies to many diverse phenomena including an electric field, light, sound and radiation. For radiation the Inverse Square Law relates the intensity of the radioactive source to the detector or…
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The function of an arbitrary waveform generator, or ARB, varies depending on the application. Some of the many applications for a waveform generator include timing solution, signal emulation and modulation of signals. The Berkeley Nucleonics Model 685 High-Performance ARB offers a wide range of modulations…
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Gamma rays were first discovered and studied in 1900 by a French chemist, Paul Villard, while observing radiation from radium. However, the fist quantitative analysis of gamma radiation is credited to Rutherford and Andrade in 1914. This earliest technique was accomplished by diffraction spectroscopy using…
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Thanks to the high-speed BN (Model) 765 pulse generator from Berkeley Nucleonics, we were able to access timescales very rarely accessed in pulsed, voltage-current measurements. With their product and excellent support, we successfully developed and built a new experiment and experimental protocol leading to a…
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In the world of quantum computing, 2020 turned out to be a breakthrough year. Engineers all over the planet used this technology to solve problems in medicine, science, engineering, and even chess matches. It is safe to say that qubit technology is here to stay…
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The discovery of the neutron was paramount to the development of atomic physics in the first half of the twentieth century. The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932. Detection of the neutron…
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