Appendix C

Vendor and Standards Index

A directory of the suppliers, conferences, and standards referenced throughout the book.

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C.1 Switch and Component Vendors

Power semiconductors (silicon)

• Infineon Technologies (infineon.com). Power MOSFETs and IGBT modules across the full voltage range.
• STMicroelectronics (st.com). Silicon power MOSFETs, IGBTs, automotive-qualified parts.
• Toshiba Semiconductor (toshiba.semicon-storage.com). Discrete power devices including high-voltage MOSFETs.
• IXYS Corporation (now Littelfuse). High-voltage MOSFETs and IGBTs.
• Vishay (vishay.com). Discrete and power MOSFETs across the spectrum.

Wide-bandgap semiconductors (SiC and GaN)

• Wolfspeed (formerly Cree, wolfspeed.com). SiC MOSFETs and modules. Industry leader in SiC.
• GeneSiC Semiconductor (genesicsemi.com). Discrete SiC MOSFETs and JFETs.
• Microchip / Microsemi (microchip.com). SiC power devices.
• EPC (Efficient Power Conversion, epc-co.com). GaN HEMTs in the 60 to 900 V range.
• GaN Systems (now part of Infineon). GaN power devices, automotive-grade.
• Transphorm (transphormusa.com). Cascode-structured GaN HEMTs.
• Navitas Semiconductor (navitassemi.com). GaN integrated power ICs.

Specialty switches

• FID Technology (fid-tech.de, US distribution via FID Inc). DSRD-based ultra-fast pulsers and SOS-based devices.
• Megaimpulse (megaimpulse.com). Russian DSRD and SOS technology, high-current research pulsers.
• e2v / Teledyne (teledynee2v.com). Thyratrons, hydrogen thyratrons, pseudosparks.
• Marconi / e2v (legacy). FBK-series pseudosparks (now Teledyne e2v).

Capacitors

• TDK Electronics (tdk-electronics.tdk.com). Pulse capacitors, ceramic capacitors, film capacitors.
• Murata (murata.com). Ceramic capacitors at high voltage.
• General Atomics (ga.com). Pulsed-power capacitors for research applications.
• Maxwell Technologies (now part of Tesla). Pulsed-power capacitors and ultracapacitors.
• Aerovox (aerovox.com). Film capacitors for pulse applications.
• NWL Capacitors (nwlcap.com). Custom pulsed-power capacitors.

Resistors and current-viewing components

• T&M Research Products (tandmresearch.com). Low-inductance current-viewing resistors specifically for pulsed-power use.
• Caddock Electronics (caddock.com). Precision power resistors, non-inductive types.
• Vishay Sfernice (vishay.com). Pulse-rated resistors.

Magnetics and pulse transformers

• Stangenes Industries (stangenes.com). Pulse transformers, magnetic switches, saturable reactors.
• Ferroxcube (ferroxcube.com). Ferrite cores for pulse and switching applications.
• Magnetics, Inc. (mag-inc.com). Magnetic cores for pulser primary stages.

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C.2 Test and Measurement Equipment

Oscilloscopes

• Tektronix (tek.com). Industry standard at all bandwidth classes.
• Keysight Technologies (keysight.com). Strong in high-end (Infiniium series) and bench (DSOX series) ranges.
• Rohde & Schwarz (rohde-schwarz.com). RTO and RTP series at high bandwidth.
• LeCroy / Teledyne (teledynelecroy.com). High-bandwidth scopes and probes.

Probes and current sensors

• Pearson Electronics (pearsonelectronics.com). Pearson current monitors, the workhorse Rogowski transformer for pulser-bench work.
• Powertek (powertek.co.uk). CWT series Rogowski coils with integrators.
• PMK (pmk.de). High-voltage differential probes and isolation amplifiers.
• North Star (highvoltageprobes.com). High-voltage attenuators and probes.

Pulse and delay generators

• Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation (berkeleynucleonics.com). Model 645, 6040 Mainframe, and the broader BNC-DEI line.
• Stanford Research Systems (thinksrs.com). DG535 and related delay generators.

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C.3 Pulser Instrument Vendors (Full Systems)

• Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation / DEI (berkeleynucleonics.com). The product line discussed in Chapter 9.
• FID Technology. Ultra-fast and high-voltage research pulsers.
• Eagle Harbor Technologies (eagleharbor.com). Solid-state Marx generators and inductive adders.
• Megaimpulse. Russian high-current research pulsers.
• Kentech Instruments (kentech.co.uk). Specialty fast-pulse generators for research.
• Pulserlab (pulserlab.com). Custom pulser engineering services and small-quantity instruments.

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C.4 Conferences and Journals

• IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC). Biennial. The single most important venue for pulsed-power research. Proceedings published by IEEE Xplore.
• IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC). Biennial, alternating with PPC. Industrial-leaning counterpart.
• IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. Premier journal for pulsed-power and plasma research.
• IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. Insulation and partial-discharge research.
• Review of Scientific Instruments. Diagnostic and instrumentation papers.
• Physics of Plasmas. Plasma physics including pulsed-power-driven HEDP.
• IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). Annual.

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C.5 Standards Organizations

• IEEE (ieee.org). Standards on pulsed-power components (IEEE PCSC), high-voltage testing (IEEE 4), reliability (IEEE 1366).
• IEC (iec.ch). International electrotechnical standards. Most relevant: IEC 61010 (laboratory equipment safety), IEC 60204 (machinery safety), IEC 61000-4-25 (HPM testing), IEC 61000-4 series broadly (EMC).
• MIL-STD. US military standards. MIL-STD-188-125 (HEMP protection), MIL-STD-461 (EMC for military equipment).
• OSHA (osha.gov). US workplace safety. 29 CFR 1910.147 (lockout/tagout).
• NFPA (nfpa.org). NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code), NFPA 70E (electrical safety in the workplace).
• ISO (iso.org). ISO 11161 (industrial machinery integrated safety) and others as the application requires.
• IPC (ipc.org). IPC-2221 generic standard on PCB design, including high-voltage clearance tables.

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C.6 Specific Standards Documents

Standard	Subject	Relevance
IEEE 4-2013	High Voltage Test Techniques	Voltage measurement and divider design
IEEE 332-1972	Pulsed Power Test Equipment	Foundational pulsed-power standard
IEC 61010-1	Lab Equipment Safety	Most BNC-DEI products certified to this
IEC 60204-1	Machinery Safety	Industrial integration
IEC 61000-4-25	HPM Test Methods	EMP and HPM test standards
MIL-STD-188-125	HEMP Protection	Military hardening requirements
NFPA 70E	Workplace Electrical Safety	Daily-use safety standard
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147	Lockout/Tagout	Energy isolation procedures
IPC-2221	PCB Design	Voltage-vs-spacing tables
AEC-Q100	Automotive Qualification	Required for automotive LiDAR drivers

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C.7 Online Resources

• IEEE Xplore. Most pulsed-power papers. Subscription or institutional access.
• DTIC (Defense Technical Information Center), dtic.mil. Released military reports and standards.
• NASA Technical Reports Server, ntrs.nasa.gov. Pulsed-power-relevant reports especially from JPL and Marshall.
• DOE OSTI, osti.gov. National laboratory reports including the Sandia Z Machine literature.
• Sandia Z Machine Public Information, sandia.gov/z-machine. The Z facility's public outreach materials.
• The Pulsed Power Society / IEEE PPST, ewh.ieee.org/cmte/psim/. The IEEE society for pulsed-power practitioners.

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End of Appendix C.